An Epidemiological Review Of Dengue In Pakistan

Abstract

Dengue fever is a viral infection, transmitted by female Aedes Aegypti Mosquito, found in tropical and subtropical climates of the world. Virus has serotype DENV-1 to DENV-4. While the major syndromes include; DSS (Dengue Shock Syndrome), febrile flu-like illness, DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever), arthralgia, rash, raised ALT/ and AST, hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia [1]. The second dengue episode is most dangerous and present abrupt onset of sever syndromes. The antigen antibody complexes lead to the cascade of immune reactions and activation of complement system the patient with pre-existing actively or passively acquired immunity to heterologous dengue virus serotype [2].  That makes about 25% mortality of patient if left untreated. It may become fatal in immunocompromised, blood cells deprived and old aged persons. It may also be seriously aggravated in tumor, malarial, blood and heart patients taking antineoplastic, anticoagulants and bone morrow suppressive drugs. Thus; rational drug usage and pharmaceutical care become more important to deliver the quality health care services to assure the successful eradication of this dreadful disease. Moreover; its outbreak is noticed in different cities of Pakistan. The local administrative authorities, health care professionals and civil society are working collectively to cure and control the pandemic of this disease. Thus; the emergency health care facilities and quick medical supports are provided in high risk areas to mitigate the disease and its impacts. Moreover; the heath experts are continuously educating people through training workshops, literature distribution and scientific discussions aired through electronic Medias. It has also been tried to control dengue by killing the carrying vector mosquito. All precautionary measures including fumigation, spraying, covering the water are executed to minimize the transfusion of responsible virus. Therefore; active involvements of health organizations, educational programs and cold weather have supported to control dengue in Pakistan. While; rationalization of treatment, proper clinical care and good pharmaceutical support still need the attention to save the precious lives of innocent patients.