‘’All praise belongs to Allah, the Maker of the heavens and the earth, Who employs the angels as messengers, having wings, two, three, and four. He adds to His creation whatever He pleases; for Allah has power over all things.” (35:2)
Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IV said the meaning of “wings of angels” does not mean real wings but its valences of different elements. Chemical property of every element changes as its valence electron makes a bond with the neighbours. Graphene is one allotrope of carbon material whose 4 valence electrons help in forming an interesting structure as well as properties.
This material offers a range of applications in industry owing to its chemical as well as physical stability, biocompatibility and high electrical as well as thermal conductivity with a large surface area. Graphene can be used for making electron field emitters, hydrogen storage, transparent conductive films, organic photovoltaic cells, field effect transistors, ultrasensitive sensors, supercapacitors and batteries. Industrial scale production of graphene is a challenge because of the involved chemical methods which exploit many chemicals in the environment that are harmful to human beings, and multiple steps that make the process lengthy. Especially, when there involves patterned graphene, required for a device preparation, synthesis becomes extremely difficult to control the process at a very small scale. Recently developed technique of patterned graphene generation on commercially available Polyimide (PI) tape by CO 2 infrared laser irradiation under ambient air conditions has solved the problem. This method follows photochemical and photothermal transition of different polymer materials by flashing laser pulses with a precision that is hard to achieve using other methods. This laser process has stimulated fundamental research on transformation process on the surface of polymer materials. We report fundamental study of laser interaction with polymer substrate and furthermore report within same localized laser engraved graphene area variation in different types of graphene that exhibits change in conductivity of the whole engraved graphene.